Editorial
Article
From Pragmatism to Subjectivity: Approaches and Dialogues Between Design and Art
Winnie Bastian
24 Jan 2024, 6:30 pm
The proximity between art and design is not exactly a novelty, considering that both fields share a creative root and a quest for aesthetic expression. However, while art often focuses on exploring aspects such as individual expression, emotion, and concept, design typically seeks practical solutions, oriented towards functionality and meeting user needs—at least that’s what common sense suggests.
But are the boundaries between art and design so clearly defined? Certainly not. Exceptions have always existed, but in postmodernity, the exclusively rationalist approach loses strength in design, which begins to relate more closely to art. Meeting a specific function is no longer sufficient: objects must also captivate the user, visually and emotionally.
The inauguration of the Design sector at SP–Arte in 2016 is undeniable evidence of the narrowing relationship between the two disciplines—especially, but not only, in what has come to be known as “collectible design.” The approaches are diverse, and I will address some of them here based on my visits to the fair and what I have witnessed over the years. It is, therefore, an entirely personal interpretation; in this brief text, I do not intend to establish any kind of theory but rather to share my perspective on these interfaces.
The first approach is the most basic (and most evident): furniture and objects with intense expressive or sculptural qualities, where the importance of aesthetics takes precedence over practical aspects. Current design does not disregard function, of course, but products that question the maximum rule of functionalism are becoming more frequent—some creatives may argue that, for them, form begins to follow emotion or expressiveness.
The third aspect that catches my attention is the exploration of experimental techniques and materials by designers, who equally value both the process and the resulting product. This is evident in the Rícino series lamps (2022), developed by Mariana Ramos and Ricardo Innecco of Studio Rain, using a bio-resin based on castor oil. “When placed against the light, the material produces an orange, warm, and ethereal illumination,” explain the designers, who used it to create the lamp diffusers. Material investigation is also at the core of the Orgus series, in which Humberto da Mata blends paper pulp, wood, kaolin, and resin to create sculptural objects, as showcased in SP–Arte 2023. And what about transforming the earth into an object? It was from this question that designer Ana Neute created the Solo collection, in which side tables, valet stand, vase, and candle holders are executed by combining the ancient technique of rammed earth (taipa de pilão) – with the support of specialist Fernando Ogando – with elements of essential wood design.
Another dialogue with art occurs through ready-mades: here, designers take existing objects out of their original context or purpose and transform them into new pieces. The technique is not new (we only need to recall the Sella stool, created by the Castiglioni brothers in 1957 using a bicycle seat), but it reinforces the points of contact and interaction between art and design.
The Campana brothers, Fernando Campana (1961-2022) and Humberto Campana, have been making use of ready-mades for decades, whether in creations where they shift the object’s primary function (such as the table with a top composed of juxtaposed plastic drains) or in others that maintain the functional aspect of the object, changing its form and final perception, as seen in the Dois Irmãos bench (2019), presented by Firma Casa in the 2020 edition: two wooden chairs are wrapped in a weave of wicker, unifying them. Two years earlier, the company exhibited other pieces with the same logic: the Astral floor lamp series, developed by architect Candida Tabet from vintage glass diffusers, stacked and on a custom-made concrete base, transforming into a kind of luminous totem. On the other hand, the Ferro armchair (2018) by Leo Capote, showcased at the fair in 2022 by Particular.art.br, proposes a more radical transposition of the object: in it, the backrest and armrests are formed by irons, with their wires seemingly randomly wound around the structure.
Finally, the fifth approach that I emphasize highlights the singularity and exclusivity of a piece of furniture or object. The concept of a unique item or limited series, so natural in the field of art, expands to design with creations that steer clear of mass production and standardization. On the contrary, rarity here is seen as a quality that adds special value to the object in question.
This is evident in the benches and side tables of the Rio collection (2023), a release from the duo Luciana Martins and Gerson de Oliveira of ,Ovo. Each piece is formed by the combination of a large rounded pebble with a carbon steel base, ensuring that no two pieces are alike, as the main element is “manufactured” by nature. “There is a displacement; we take the stones from their natural environment and place them on bases, molded especially for each stone. They do not conform; it is the bases that conform to them, just like bodies,” explain the designers.
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