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From Pragmatism to Subjectivity: Approaches and Dialogues Between Design and Art

Winnie Bastian
24 Jan 2024, 6:30 pm

The proximity between art and design is not exactly a novelty, considering that both fields share a creative root and a quest for aesthetic expression. However, while art often focuses on exploring aspects such as individual expression, emotion, and concept, design typically seeks practical solutions, oriented towards functionality and meeting user needs—at least that’s what common sense suggests.

But are the boundaries between art and design so clearly defined? Certainly not. Exceptions have always existed, but in postmodernity, the exclusively rationalist approach loses strength in design, which begins to relate more closely to art. Meeting a specific function is no longer sufficient: objects must also captivate the user, visually and emotionally.

The inauguration of the Design sector at SP–Arte in 2016 is undeniable evidence of the narrowing relationship between the two disciplines—especially, but not only, in what has come to be known as “collectible design.” The approaches are diverse, and I will address some of them here based on my visits to the fair and what I have witnessed over the years. It is, therefore, an entirely personal interpretation; in this brief text, I do not intend to establish any kind of theory but rather to share my perspective on these interfaces.

The first approach is the most basic (and most evident): furniture and objects with intense expressive or sculptural qualities, where the importance of aesthetics takes precedence over practical aspects. Current design does not disregard function, of course, but products that question the maximum rule of functionalism are becoming more frequent—some creatives may argue that, for them, form begins to follow emotion or expressiveness.

Mangue (2017), Ary Perez. Foto: Thomas Sesemihl

Mangue (2017), Ary Perez. Photo: Thomas Sesemihl

This is the case with the floor lamp from the Mangue series (2017) by Ary Perez, whose base is formed by curved metal rods that allude to the typical roots of this vegetation. Another example is the Sussuro coffee table (2021) by Jacqueline Terpins, which features excavated reliefs on half of the tabletop, giving the idea, according to the artist and designer, of “a specific shudder that reverberates throughout the entire length,” reducing the support surface in favor of this plastic provocation. Another highly sculptural example is the Una bench (2022) by Hugo França, made from a recovered Braúna trunk: here, the designer interferes as minimally as possible, only to enable the creation of a usable seat while keeping the roots intact—not only to showcase their beauty but also as a message about deforestation.

Sussurro (2021), Jacqueline Terpins. Foto: Andrés Otero

Sussurro (2021), Jacqueline Terpins. Photo: Andrés Otero

Una (2022), Hugo França. Foto: Tomas Vianna

Una (2022), Hugo França. Photo: Tomas Vianna

The second direction I observe is that of a design in which the narrative factor stands out: here, furniture, lighting fixtures, and objects become platforms for telling a story and/or conveying a message. In this context, they can evoke sensations ranging from acute strangeness to complete identification—whatever the perception, one thing is certain: the message (whether conceptual, political, or of another nature) has been effectively communicated and established.

This is evident in the Lixo series lamps (2018) by Bianca Barbato, cast in brass from molds made with discarded cans and plastic bottles. Or with the 12 pieces from the Typology of a Second Life series (2021), through which the designer-carpenter Rodrigo Silveira retraces the history of a chair from its origin (the felling of a tree) to the finished product. Another example is Bruno Camarotti, a colleague also specialized in working with wood, who draws on the emotional memory of his native Ceará to create the Ponta Grossa console table (2021), whose design alludes to the cliff of the beach of the same name.

Lixo (2018), Bianca Barbato. Foto: Edouard Fraipont

Lixo (2018), Bianca Barbato. Photo: Edouard Fraipont

Tipologia de uma Segunda Vida (2021), Rodrigo Silveira. Foto: Douglas Luccena

Tipologia de uma Segunda Vida (2021), Rodrigo Silveira. Photo: Douglas Luccena

Ponta Grossa (2021), Bruno Camarotti. Foto: Jairo Lavia

Ponta Grossa (2021), Bruno Camarotti. Photo: Jairo Lavia

The third aspect that catches my attention is the exploration of experimental techniques and materials by designers, who equally value both the process and the resulting product. This is evident in the Rícino series lamps (2022), developed by Mariana Ramos and Ricardo Innecco of Studio Rain, using a bio-resin based on castor oil. “When placed against the light, the material produces an orange, warm, and ethereal illumination,” explain the designers, who used it to create the lamp diffusers. Material investigation is also at the core of the Orgus series, in which Humberto da Mata blends paper pulp, wood, kaolin, and resin to create sculptural objects, as showcased in SP–Arte 2023. And what about transforming the earth into an object? It was from this question that designer Ana Neute created the Solo collection, in which side tables, valet stand, vase, and candle holders are executed by combining the ancient technique of rammed earth (taipa de pilão) – with the support of specialist Fernando Ogando – with elements of essential wood design.

Rícino (2022), Mariana Ramos e Ricardo Innecco, do Estudio Rain. Foto: Alex Batista

Rícino (2022), Mariana Ramos and Ricardo Innecco, from Estudio Rain. Photo: Alex Batista

Orgus, Humberto da Mata. Foto: divulgação

Orgus, Humberto da Mata. Photo: divulgação

Solo, Ana Neute. Foto: Brejo

Solo, Ana Neute. Photo: Brejo

Another dialogue with art occurs through ready-mades: here, designers take existing objects out of their original context or purpose and transform them into new pieces. The technique is not new (we only need to recall the Sella stool, created by the Castiglioni brothers in 1957 using a bicycle seat), but it reinforces the points of contact and interaction between art and design.

The Campana brothers, Fernando Campana (1961-2022) and Humberto Campana, have been making use of ready-mades for decades, whether in creations where they shift the object’s primary function (such as the table with a top composed of juxtaposed plastic drains) or in others that maintain the functional aspect of the object, changing its form and final perception, as seen in the Dois Irmãos bench (2019), presented by Firma Casa in the 2020 edition: two wooden chairs are wrapped in a weave of wicker, unifying them. Two years earlier, the company exhibited other pieces with the same logic: the Astral floor lamp series, developed by architect Candida Tabet from vintage glass diffusers, stacked and on a custom-made concrete base, transforming into a kind of luminous totem. On the other hand, the Ferro armchair (2018) by Leo Capote, showcased at the fair in 2022 by Particular.art.br, proposes a more radical transposition of the object: in it, the backrest and armrests are formed by irons, with their wires seemingly randomly wound around the structure.

Dois irmãos (2019), Estudio Campana, apresentado pela Firma Casa. Foto: Eduardo Delfim

Dois irmãos (2019), Estudio Campana, presented by Firma Casa. Photo: Eduardo Delfim

Astral, Candida Tabet, apresentada pela Firma Casa. Foto: Raphael Briest

Astral, Candida Tabet, presented by Firma Casa. Photo: Raphael Briest

Ferro (2018), Leo Capote. Foto: divulgação

Ferro (2018), Leo Capote. Photo: divulgation

Finally, the fifth approach that I emphasize highlights the singularity and exclusivity of a piece of furniture or object. The concept of a unique item or limited series, so natural in the field of art, expands to design with creations that steer clear of mass production and standardization. On the contrary, rarity here is seen as a quality that adds special value to the object in question.

This is evident in the benches and side tables of the Rio collection (2023), a release from the duo Luciana Martins and Gerson de Oliveira of ,Ovo. Each piece is formed by the combination of a large rounded pebble with a carbon steel base, ensuring that no two pieces are alike, as the main element is “manufactured” by nature. “There is a displacement; we take the stones from their natural environment and place them on bases, molded especially for each stone. They do not conform; it is the bases that conform to them, just like bodies,” explain the designers.

Rio (2023), Luciana Martins e Gerson de Oliveira, da ,Ovo. Foto: Ruy Teixeira

Rio (2023), Luciana Martins and Gerson de Oliveira, from ,Ovo. Photo: Ruy Teixeira

The Abrigo buffet (2020), designed by Maria Fernanda Paes de Barros (Yankatu), stands out for its mats – woven with cabreúva cylinders and cotton threads by the designer herself, following the teachings of the Mehinaku women – which serve as sliding doors. Produced in a limited series of 8 pieces, the buffet “is my way of honoring the Mehinaku people who received and embraced me, who shared ancestral knowledge and stories with me, and taught me to see the world through their eyes,” says Maria Fernanda.

I conclude with the example of the Callas bench (2020), created in collaboration by designers Inês Schertel and Etel Carmona for ETEL and released in a limited series of 15 units. In addition to being entirely handmade (both in the wooden structure and the 400 felt flowers that make up the seat), the concept of slow design also permeates the choice of materials: the wood used is a perobinha-do-campo stored for over two decades in Etel’s collection, while the rustic felt is produced with wool from sheep raised by Inês on her farm in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. A combination that gives the bench, beyond exclusivity, the aura of an artistic object.

Abrigo (2020), Maria Fernanda Paes de Barros, da Yankatu. Foto: Lucas Rosin

Abrigo (2020), Maria Fernanda Paes de Barros from Yankatu. Photo: Lucas Rosin

Callas (2020), Etel Carmona e Ines Schertel, para ETEL. Foto: Fernando Laszlo

Callas (2020), Etel Carmona and Ines Schertel, para ETEL. Photo: Fernando Laszlo

In my view, dialogues like these are capable of taking design to new levels and constitute a welcome counterpoint to design conceived for mass production. Moreover, I see the two manifestations not as competitors but as complementary: in my opinion, conceptual design can nourish design in the strict sense, stimulating innovative solutions from both formal and functional perspectives. So be it!


Winnie Bastian_4622_foto Deco Cury

Winnie Bastian

holds a degree in Architecture, a master’s degree in Fashion, Culture, and Art, and has been working for over 20 years as a journalist specializing in design. The creator of the Design do Bom website (2010-), she was the editor-in-chief of the Arc Design magazine (2000-2007) and the editor of the L+D magazines (2008-2010) and Casa Vogue (2011-2018). Additionally, she served as the curator for DW! – São Paulo Design Week (2019/2020).

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